View across Intipampa, the central field of Machu Picchu, to Huayna Picchu (2693 m) in the background of the photo. Located on a ridge above the meandering Urubamba River at 2430 m asl., Machu Picchu is most commonly considered an Inca citadel in operation during the 15th and 16th Century. However, its history and functions are still the subject of debates. The place has gained international attention in the early 20th Century and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.