View from Mirador de Wayrac Punku in E (upstream) direction. The Colca Valley has been inhabited since pre-Incan times, so that ancient terraced farmlands are characteristic features of the valley. These terraces overlay a complex and weird-looking topography, which is the result of the interaction of volcanic processes, earthquakes, landslides, lake formation, and erosion by the Río Colca. Madrigal appears in the left portion of the scene. The area has been declared a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2019.