Cemetary of the small village of Elm, with the scarp of the 1881 Elm rock avalanche shown in the right background. Due to the introduction of obligatory schooling in the 1870s, there was an increased demand for slate for blackboards. Local farmers wanted to increase their income and destabilized the mountain by slate mining. The resulting rock avalanche of 10 million cubic metres destroyed part of the village of Elm, with more than 100 fatalities, and travelled two kilometres down the valley.